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Ipublisbcfe bis 

^be American :ffiapti6t 1bome /llbission Society, 

Constable J3uili>ing, 

til ififtb Hvenue, corner I8tb Street, 

IRew lorft Cits. 



1^ 



THE AMERICAN ris^ 

Baptist Home Mission Society. 



WORK FOR THE COLORED PEOPLE. 



Work begun, January, 1862. 

Schools, 29; Higher Institutions, 14; 
Secondary, 15. 

Teachers, 1894-5, 232; of whom one-third 
were colored. 

Annual enrollment of pupils since 1890, 
about 5,000. 

One exclusively theological school at 
Richmond, Va. Two schools exclusively 
for young women, at Atlanta and Richmond. 
Three missionary training schools. One 
nurse training school. Two high grade 
normal schools. One medical and one law 
school, at Raleigh, N. C. Industrial educa- 
tion in several schools. 



Expenditures for 1894-5 : Kducaiion, 

$134,554; missions, $i4,497- 

Total expenditures since 1862, $3,003,000. 

Value of school property acquired by the 
Society, $750,000. Total value of school 
proi)erty, including schools incorporated, 
$900,000. 

Endowment fund for education held by 
the Society, $180,000. 

Endowment funds needed, $2,000,000. 



Colored Baptists in the United States in 
1865, estimated, 400,000; in 1895, reported, 
1,600,000. Churches, 13,000. 

2 



i?-//^'i<^2 



J 

I 

i^ MAN OR BABOON? 

<=-} By T. J. Morgan, LL.D. 

Two Views of the Negro. 

A Kotnan Catholic View of the Negro. 

Tke Globe, a '^ Quarterly Review of Liter- 
ature, Society, Religion, Art and Politics," 
published in New York City, is edited by Wil- 
liam Henry Thorne. He thus states his reli- 
gious belief: "The Roman Catholic Church 
with all my heart and soul I believe and know 
to be the only true and entire church of the 
Lord Jesus Christ.'' In the number for July, 
1895, there is published an article entitled, 
"The Negro in Fact and Fiction," contributed 
by Eugene L. Didier, of Baltimore. The 
article is well worthy of study as presenting 
the extreme view of those who look upon the 
negro as scarcely entitled to be recognized as a 
part of the human race. Such articles as this 
serve to bring into bold relief the contrasted 
view of the negro, which regards him as a man 
and a brother — "God's image carved in ebony." 
How far the view of Mr. Didier and his sponsor. 
Editor Thorne, reflect the views of Roman 
Catholics, who are making strenuous efforts to 
proselyte the negroes, it may be difficult to 
say ; but it is not difficult to see what the 
future of the negro will be should he come 
under the influence of those who think ot 
him as Mr. Didier does ? Hear him : 

3 



What Mr. Didier says: 

•' When Abraham Lincoln, by a stroke of 
his pen, emancipated four million Southern 
slaves, he committed the most gigantic robbery 
of private property that has ever taken place 
since the world began. For this monstrous 
crime he was punished by a swift, sudden and 
awful death ; and the members of his cabinet 
who were most active in demanding the aboli- 
tion of slavery — the implacable Stanton and the 
fanatical Chase — were swept away in the cour-e 
of a few years by untimely deaths. The cry to 
heaven of the impoverished widow and orphan 
was heard. * * * Slavery was a blessing to 
the slaves. * * * The abolition of slavery 
not only robbed the Southern people of their 
lawful property, but was the direct cause of a 
train of immeasurable evils, the beginnmg only 
of which we live to witness, but whose fatal 
consequences will continue as long as the 
American repubhc exists among the nations of 
the worFd. * * * The mad Quixotes who 
first robbed the Southern people of their slave 
property, and then made the freedmen the 
political equals of their late masters, were 
traitors to their race and unworthy of the 
grand old Anglo-Saxon name. * * * The 
negro in fact is a natural born and habitual 
liar ; he lies without cause ; he lies without 
reason; he lies directly; he lies indirectly; 
he lies unceasingly ; he lies unnecessarily ; 
he lies always ; he lies at all times and 
under all circumstances ; he lies when he 
knows he will be found out the next min- 
ute. Lying is as natural to the negro as 
stealing, and in both he is an accomplished 
adept. * * * The negro, in fact, is shift- 
less, shameless, brutal, deceitful, dishonest, 
untruthful, revengeful, ungrateful, immoral. 
* * * Left to himself, the negro is an in- 
evitable enemy of progress. Left to himself, 
he IS a savage everywhere. He is worse than 






a savage in name and in fact, as in Africa ; a 
savage in fact, as in Hayti ; a savage in name 
and in fact, as m some portions of the South ; 
a savage in fact in the North * * * As a 
race they have proved themselves incapable of 
intellectual culture. Their dull African brains 
are incapable of receiving the education which 
makes the white race the dominant race of the 
world. The brand of inferiority placed upon 
the black man by the eternal God four thou- 
sand years ago has been indelible, irremova- 
ble, everlasting. It was placed there to stay 
and has stayed. It was placed there by God, 
and God has kept it there. * * * It is not 
his black skin alone that distinguishes the 
negro from the white man as it is his black 
nature. The negro does not improve his con- 
dition because he has no respect for himself, 
without which progress is impossible. There- 
fore he has remained unchanged by circum- 
stances, upon the lowest plane of humanity 
since the dawn of history. The black race is 
the only race living among civilized men which 
is not affected by the commission of crime. A 
black man may He, steal, get drunk, and be 
habitually guilty of other low vices, yet he does 
not lose caste among the people of his race as 
the white man would under similar circum- 
stances. * * * The negro has been here 
for nearly three hundred years, but he is 
still an alien, and will be to the end. Why ? 
Because he can never assimilate with the white 
race. * * * All the blood and treasure that 
has been expended to set the negro free, and 
put him upon an equality with the white man, 
has been thrown away. The negro is now and 
always will be the servant of the white man. 
The relation of master and servant is the only 
relation that can exist between the white and 
black races. They have been from the begin- 
ning master and servant, so they will be to the 
end. No change in the Constitution can 



change the immutable laws of God. * * • 
This is the white man's country. This Gov- 
ernment was formed by white men for white 
men. White men have made this country 
what it is among the nations of the earth, and 
the black man shall not destroy the noble insti- 
tutions of this magnificent republic, and de- 
grade this land to the condition of Hayti and 
every other country where they have had domi- 
nation. * * * Our ancestors fought at Eutaw, 
at Cowpens, at Yorktown, and we will not accept 
as our equals men whose ancestors ate their 
prisoners of war. We are the sons of Anglo- 
Saxon forefathers, and we will never receive as 
brothers the sons of Ethiopian cannibals and 
devil-worshipers. * * * The negro bears upon 
his face the everlasting curse of God. 1^ In 
intellect, he is only one degree above the 
baboon ; in mstinct, he is below the brute." 

What Editor Thorne says : 

Mr. William H. Thorne, the Editor of the 
Globe, makes editorial comment upon Mr. 
Didier's article, in the course of which he gives 
utterance to these somewhat startling state- 
ments : '*The South must either re-enslave 
the negro, or export him, drive him out of the 
land, or kill him. * * * The freeing and so- 
called educating of the negro have been a 
curse to the negro himself ; have unfitted him 
or the woik that he could do under certain 
circumstances, and never have and never can 
fit him for the work that education is supposed 
to fit men to do. * * * The negro — above 
all the Southern negro— will not work except 
under the lash. For the last twenty years he 
has been a loafer, a thief, and an immoral 
fungus upon the fair life of our Southern lands. 
* * * No law of honor or of obligation can 
enter his skull, and I emphasize the fact, that 
the negro is an unmitigated curse to the 
South." 



WHAT BAPTISTS BELIEVE. 

In striking contrast with the above is the view 
generally taken of the Negro by the Baptists. 
Ahhough the Southern Baptists separated from 
their Northern brethren in 1845 on the ques 
tion of slavery, there is now apparently a very 
general consensus of opinion, North and South, 
regarding- the manhood of the Negro. Proba- 
bly very few intelligent Baptists anywhere 
North or South can be found who will not 
readily assent to the following propositions : 

1. There can be no such thing as private 
property in human beings. The human race 
is one, and every individual of it is made in the 
likeness of God and bears His image. The 
brotherhood of man, based upon the Father- 
hood of God, is absolutely inconsistent with 
the idea of Negro chattelhood. No human con- 
stitution can nuUify the Divine law. 

2. Negro emancipation was not robbery of the 
white man, but was a restoration to the Negro 
of that which was his own : the right to life, 
liberty and the pursuit of happiness. What- 
ever claims the white man had to service from 
the Negroes, had been amply compensated by 
two and a half centuries of unrequited toil. 

3. Abraham Lincoln, as the President of the 
United States and the Commander-in-Chief of 
its armies, engaged in the struggle for the 
preservation of the Nation's life, exercising the 
war power inherent in his position, was amply 
justified in issuing the Emancipation Procla- 
mation, and his act has been recognized by the 

7 



civilized world as an act of philanthropy and 
of statesmanship, a boon alike to the white 
masters and the liberated captives. 

4. The Emancipation Proclamation was the 
beginning of a new era of prosperity in the 
South ; the initial point of a revolution, 
economical, political, social ; whose good re- 
sults will be increasingly apparent as the centu- 
ries roll on. 

5. The Negro is a human being, endowed 
with all of the essential attributes of mankind. 
Whatever shortcomings he has — intellectual, 
industrial, or moral — are due to circumstances 
which he could not control, and not to inherent 
essential defects of nature. 

6. The progress of the Negroes during the 
thirty years which have elapsed since the close 
of the war, industrially, intellectually, and 
morally, have been, considering all the circum- 
stances of the case, very remarkable, and fur- 
nishes the basis of hope for a steady progress 
upward along all the lines of human improve- 
ment. 

7. The eight million Negroes now in this 
country, descendants of those who were brought 
here by force, are native-born American citi- 
zens, entitled by the Constitution to all the 
rights and privileges of citizenship, and are 
destined to remain here as an integral and in- 
destructible part of our national life. The 
genius of our Republican institutions knows no 
distinction of race or color. Any effort to rob 
the Negroes, as a race, of their birthright is a 
blow at the foundations of the Republic, and 

8 



can only succeed by establishing upon the ruins 
of freedom an oligarchy or a monarchy. 

8. The Negro can be educated ; he is recep- 
tive, imitative, ambitious, and has already 
proven beyond any possibility of doubt that 
he can become, under proper training, indus- 
trious, skillful, intelligent, moral, and religious. 
The history of Negro education in this country 
is conclusive on these points. 

9. The position and influence upon our 
national life of this large and rapidly increasing 
factor in cur population will depend very 
largely upon the kind of education they re- 
ceive. If they are neglected or hindered by 
others so that their children grow up in 
ignorance and vice, they will become not 
only an increasing menace to the peace and 
prosperity of the communities where they are 
most numerous, but they will threaten the 
destruction of Republican institutions. The only 
safety for the State and the Nation is in their 
education, as a preparation for the discharge of 
the duties and the enjoyment of the privileges 
which belong to them as American citizens. 

10. All of them should have an equal chance 
with the white man in the various occupations 
by which they can earn a livelihood and accu- 
mulate wealth. All of them should have a 
good common school education, so as to 
awaken and quicken their natural talents and 
put within their power the means of self- 
improvement. There should be provided for 
them Industrial schools, not so much to teach 
them to work as to give them that general in- 

9 > 



\, 



telligence and that special acquaintance with 
machinery and with modern methods of pro- 
ductive labor which will enable them to meet 
the new conditions of industrial life. Normal 
schools of a high grade should prepare multi- 
tudes of them for the important work of teach- 
ing. Those among them who have the aspira- 
tions and talents should have access to colleges 
and professional schools, where they may 
fit themselves by similar courses of study for 
the performance of similar duties among their 
own people as pastors, lawyers, physicians, 
editors, etc., as are performed by like classes 
among white people. 

We invite the earnest, careful attention of 
the Negroes of America to the above striking 
contrast between the two views taken of their 
race by a representative Roman Catholic and 
their friends the Baptists. Which do you pre- 
fer? Which is true? Man or Baboon ? 

"What J. B. Gambrell, D.D., says: 

*'As to your schools, I believe they are doing 
a work of unspeakable importance. They are 
creating a force of workers from whom we may 
reasonably hope much in the future. They are 
something to which we can tie the race and 
pull up stream. You cannot say a word about 
their importance which I will not endorse, and 
I represent the South in the matter, especially 
the older men of the South.'' 

"WTiat Dr. H. L<. Wayland says : 

*' We talk about the negro problem. Its solu- 
tion is not far to seek. It lies, first of all, in 
justice. Give the colored man what he earns. 
Give him every right. Let the courts enforce 



his rights. Let him stand before the law as 
anyone else does. If he is guilty of a crime 
against property or life or chastity, let him be 
punished with justice, with severity, with rigor; 
but visit the white man's crime with the same 
penalty. Deal with him in the spirit of Christ's 
Gospel, which bids us help the weak and bear 
their burdens. Educate them industrially, 
mentally, socially, morally, for the field, for 
the workshop, for the home, for the church. 
All this is a duty which we owe to the colored 
as to our brothers ; which we owe to them for 
the centuries of injustice which they have 
suffered ; which we owe to them as the citizens 
of the country. If we are wise, we shall 
educate them rather than leave them in ignor- 
ance and dependence; if we are wise, we shall 
educate them rather than leave them for the 
Pope to educate and to own ; if we are wise, 
we shall educate them that they may not be 
the prey and the tool of infamous and un- 
scrupulous politicians." 

What R. S. 3IacArtliur, D.D., says: 

" In Apostle Paul s magnificent sermon on 
Mars Hill, he teaches us that God made of one 
blood all nations of men. Biblical scholarship, 
it is safe to affirm, will never again deny the 
humanity of the negro, and never again strive 
to place him outside the human family. * * * 
It is a fact comparatively little known that 
Romanism is responsible for African slavery. 
This fact ought to be proclaimed. * * * Once 
more Romanism is trying to enslave the negro. 
It would put on his soul the chains of ignor- 
ance and superstition ; it would make him ten- 
fold more the child of superstition, tradition, 
and hoodooism. Every instinct of patriotism, 
every command of a pure Christianity, and 
every Baptist obligation call upon us to save 

, the. negro from the bondage of Romanism." \ 

■*" •. .^ ■ • '-■ • - 

•' ' ■.:. _ .11 



What M. MacVicar, IiL,.D., says: 

" It should be taken for granted that the 
educational development of the physical, intel- 
lectual, moral and spiritual nature of the negro 
is subject to and follows precisely the same laws 
as in the case of the white man. Hence every 
rightly directed and successful effort to educate 
and elevate the negro should be based upon 
the fact that he acquires exactly in the same 
way as the white man the right use of language, 
the power of clear thinking, of exact reasoning, 
of making broad generalizations, of forming 
practical judgment, of business tact and sa- 
gacity, of appreciating moral and spiritual 
truth, and of applying the knowledge and 
habits acquired to his daily life.'' 

What H. L.. Morehouse, D.D., says : 

" We have believed in the thorough humanity 
of the black man, with divine endowment of 
all the faculties of the white man ; capable of 
culture, capable of high attainments under 
proper conditions and with sufficient time ; a 
being not predestined to be simply a hewer of 
wood and drawer of water for the white race, 
foreordained to irrevocable and everlasting 
inferiority — but a man, whose mind and soul 
may expand indefinitely to comprehend the 
great things of God and to take a useful and 
honorable place in the world's activities." 






12 



KALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., PRINTERS, NEW YORK. 



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